Argumentative Essay on Immigration - 1148 Words

Illegal Immigration Amnesty There are many problems that the United States faces and the one that is causing several debates is illegal immigration. Thousands and thousands of illegal immigrants have come from many different places. All of them have different desires. One might want a safe future for their family, one is probably looking for a fresh start, or even a place to spread their knowledge. The big question is should illegal immigrants be granted amnesty? After the resources and argument, it is believed that Amnesty should be given to illegal aliens. What is amnesty? Amnesty is a pardon for someone who was convicted in a crime. Amnesty is tangled with the term â€Å"Illegal Aliens†. Illegal aliens according to the†¦show more content†¦A huge part of the economy depends on the illegal immigrants such as agriculture. Natives have a mindset that they are too good to be working at such lowly ranked jobs so such labor depends on these immigrants. Without the support of the increased population of the illegal immigrants, the economy would be in a condition that’s worse than it already is. Granting amnesty will also reduce crime because these immigrants will not fear about reporting crimes to authorities, therefore helping to reduce the crime rate to an extent. With legalization of these aliens it will strengthen and revitalize the nation and it will increase the nation’s security. Granting amnesty will help the nation focus on more important resources such as militia. These resources that are focused on capturing illegal immigrants who enter the country for work could be redirected towards homeland security or funds for war. Not all agree that the â€Å"illegal aliens† should be able to get a chance to prove themselves. According to Heritage Foundation Do not grant amnesty to illegal aliens. Regardless of the penalties imposed, any program that grants individuals who are unlawfully present theShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay : Illegal Immigration2523 Words   |  11 PagesArgumentative Essay on Immigration Illegal immigration has been a problem for the United States for a long time. This phenomena is not new and thousands of illegal immigrants have come into US through either the Mexico border, the Pacific Ocean, or through many other ways. Some people have entered the country legally through a visit visa, but then have stayed illegally and are working in various places. Illegal immigration is a double edged sword; on the one hand it provide the local economy withRead MoreThe Importance Of Writing An Argumentative Essay969 Words   |  4 Pagesthey become long lasting skills. Writing an argumentative is not an easy task there is a lot of elements that have to come together to create a successful essay but as many other things, it requires constant practice and effort. 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Profile And Indicators In Pakistan Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(166) " lives in urban countries of Pakistan, more wellness installations are available as a per centum of population compared to wellness installations in rural countries\." Bettering the quality of life is a cardinal end for developing states. To carry through this, it is necessary to better wellness of kids, through achieving enhanced endurance results in the first topographic point. Developing states today, with increasing populations, need to concentrate on this more than of all time. We will write a custom essay sample on Profile And Indicators In Pakistan Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now One of the greatest jobs faced is that of utmost poorness – people populating below the poorness line who struggle for survival every twenty-four hours. This paper focuses on analyzing the comparative importance of socio-economic factors that play independent functions on endurance chance for babies, which should supply constructive information to authoritiess in order to assign resources expeditiously and make the development ends. An analysis is carried out on the impact of different variables on infant mortality, and the consequences are collected utilizing informations from over the past two decennaries, from 1990 to 2009. An overview of Health profile and Indexs in Pakistan â€Å" The wellness profile of Pakistan is characterized by high population growing rate, high baby and child mortality rate, high maternal mortality ratio, and a double load of catching and non-communicable diseases. Malnutrition, diarrhea, acute respiratory unwellness, other catching and vaccine preventable diseases are chiefly responsible for a high load of baby and antenatal mortality, while high maternal mortality is largely attributed to a high birthrate rate, low skilled birth attending rate, illiteracy, malnutrition and deficient entree to exigency obstetric attention services. † ( Health System Profile Pakistan, 2007 ) For case, it is noted that merely 40 % of births are attended by skilled birth attenders. Additionally, malnutrition is widespread in the state, with 30-40 % of the kids being stunted due the deficiency of equal diet. Malnutrition really accounts for about half child deceases every twelvemonth ( Health System Profile Pakistan, 2007 ) . Therefore, investings in wellness sector are considered as an built-in portion of Pakistan authorities ‘s poorness relief attempts. Harmonizing to the Economic Survey of Pakistan ( 2009-2010 ) , there has been a conspicuous betterment in some wellness indexs over the old ages, but Pakistan still ranks ill among others. The National Health Policy of Pakistan ( 2009 ) aims to better the wellness indexs of the state, by presenting basic wellness services, garnering accurate wellness information to direct plan effectivity, and doing tactical usage of the lifting engineering ( Economic Survey, 2009-2010 ) . A figure of plans are in advancement to heighten the overall wellness position by bettering wellness attention and increasing the coverage of wellness attention to assist accomplish the MDGs. Particular attending is being given to the preparation of nurses and several preparation centres are already in operation. This is being done with the end of supplying basic wellness attention services to those who have ne’er had entree to any signifiers of primary wellness attention. The reported figure of registered nurses in Pakistan amounted to 69, 313 in the twelvemonth 2009. ( Economic Survey, 2009-2010 ) . Yet, when placed to international comparing, the position of betterment in wellness in Pakistan is assorted. Compared to Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka, for case, Pakistan ‘s infant mortality rate is higher. Similarly, other indexs show that much more advancement would hold to be made compellingly for farther betterment ( Economic Survey, 2009-2010 ) . Although there have been betterments in Pakistan, they are non on par with other developing states. Child wellness, Nutrition, Health hazard factors and Mortality The Ministry of Health manages the wellness attention system in Pakistan. Child wellness is dependent on assorted factors, such as instruction of parents, income, beginning of clean H2O and improved sanitation installations, figure of child wellness attention Centres and the extent of preparation among wellness workers. The features specifically act uponing baby and child mortality can be classified into single, family and community features ( Islam-Ud-Din, 6 ) . Individual features could be the parents ‘ age at matrimony, age at first birth, income, business and instruction. Household features include H2O and lavatory installations, electricity supply and sewerage connexions, nature of cooking fuels and type of house. Community factors would be prevalence of wellness attention and proper electricity and disposal installations. The deficiency of instruction among parents disables them from deriving an apprehension on gestation issues, every bit good as maternal and wellness attention concerns. Furthermore, the deficiency of nutrient handiness and scarceness consequences in lack of nutrition among female parents and kids, which is an of import factor to see when speaking about kid wellness. The past few old ages have shown high degrees of malnutrition among both, female parents and kids. This has been due to miss of political devotedness to turn to malnutrition, minimum investings made in nutrition sector and deficiency of a clear and focused scheme that has consecutively supplemented child mortality. Breastfeeding is of punctilious concern every bit good since harmonizing to figures gathered from WDI, it amount to merely 36 % of babes under 6-months of age being breastfed. Therefore, nutrient scarceness and deficiency of handiness of equal wellness attention and sanitation installations are the major wellness hazard factors correlated to mortality. Besides, families with lower incomes are unable to afford seeking medical advice from decently skilled physicians, and the figure of locally registered accoucheuses has besides been seen to lift by 74.7 % from 1990 to 26,225 in 2009 ( PSH Survey Data, 2009 ) . 1.3 Rural-urban prejudices in Health public presentation and Indexs in Pakistan The populations populating in rural countries and those with lower incomes face troubles in availing clean H2O and sanitation installations and are exposed to environmental pollution and amendss. Better sanitation, H2O and wellness attention installations are observed to an extent in urban countries of Pakistan, but rural countries still lag behind, and face more serious diseases among kids. They face higher hazard of respiratory diseases, hence, raising infant mortality. As a affair of fact, the really contaminated life environments even undermine the consequence of instruction as it significantly affects the wellness and good being of babies and kids. Although, even less than 30 % of population lives in urban countries of Pakistan, more wellness installations are available as a per centum of population compared to wellness installations in rural countries. You read "Profile And Indicators In Pakistan Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" ( WDI, 2009 ) The wellness sector has fundamentally grown, but merely in response to demands of the preponderantly urban categories. However, a big ground behind this is the growing in private wellness attention, which has little incentive to turn in rural countries due to widespread poorness afflicting such topographic points. Factors responsible for urban prejudice include medical instruction and the function of authorities in Pakistan. This has been due to the fact that the authorities has centred most medical instruction in urban countries and besides invested to a great extent in urban-centred wellness attention installations, taking to increased urban-rural prejudice. The deficiency of medical instruction besides affects people on the single degree. Families should besides be intelligent about public wellness instruments such as improved aeration in houses, acceptance of hygienic patterns in day-to-day operations, healthful disposal of wastes after cleansing of the cloacas, clean storage and boiling of H2O, and domicile-administration of diarrhea. The deficiency of basic medical instruction prevents this. This would be much effectual in cut downing infant mortality over clip, as people would be able to forestall common wellness jobs. One of the biggest factors making this disparity is that policies are made by the opinion categories and the under-distribution of resources in rural countries is due to entirely the distinguishable category construction in Pakistan. There is a immense disparity between the wellness attention installations provided to more privileged categories. 1.4 Millennium Development Goals on Health: Performance spreads and slowdowns The MDGs screen broad aims, including halving universe poorness and hungriness, every bit good as making cosmopolitan primary instruction, cut downing under-5 and maternal mortality by two-thirds, and halving the figure of people who without entree to safe imbibing H2O by the twelvemonth 2015. ( MDG Report, 2010 ) . Looking at the recent history of the state, accomplishing the mark MDGs for Pakistan by 2015 seems unluckily, dubious. The last decennary has seen mounting insecurity every bit good as incompatibility during General Pervez Musharraf ‘s epoch. Corruptness and offense rates have exceeded past degrees and so has poorness. Besides, there have been issues associating to freedom of media and judiciary. Budget on wellness and instruction is less than two-percent, which is non a ample sum comparing it to the abysmal rates of illiteracy and deficiency of wellness installations and trained physicians in the state. ( -via electronic beginnings ) In order to make the MDG Goal 4, the instance presented in this paper, Pakistan has the mark to cut down it to 77 by 2015, whereas the infant mortality rate is to be reduced to 40 by 2015. The 2009 rate of 70.5 for infant mortality nevertheless, reflects that there is non much likeliness of it being achieved. The proportion of kids of age less than one twelvemonth immunized against rubeolas has to increase to more than 90 % but this mark is still stuck at 80 % . However, it is a alleviation to cognize that coverage of Lady Health workers, which is to be universal by 2015, has increased to 80 % and is on the trail to be attained. ( WDI, 2009 ) However, still in some instances the complete information is non be available, the ground being that most developing states do non bring forth dependable and accurate figures on most indexs, such as on baby and kid mortality, H2O entree and poorness. Many states that are well hapless and more vulnerable, such as Pakistan, do non describe any informations on most MDGs. Even when it is available, there are compatibility issues and significant clip slowdowns are involved. Hence, bettering on informations garnering techniques and quality should be the cardinal focal point. These are indispensable non merely to accomplish MDGs but besides for single states in order to pull off their development schemes ( Bourguignon et al. , 2008 ) . 1.5 Health policies in Pakistan and Initiatives for Child wellness Reforms in wellness sector of Pakistan took the signifier of five year-plans ab initio in the 1990s. The first national wellness policy was announced in 1997, with the purpose to better the wellness position of the state by supplying cosmopolitan coverage of quality wellness attention through an incorporate Primary Health Care ( PHC ) attack. The 2010 vision for the wellness sector development provides for a wide-ranging and better-quality wellness attention for all sections of society ( -via electronic beginnings ) . Priority wellness programmes include the National EPI Programme, the Prime Minister ‘s Programme for Family Planning and Primary Health Care, Maternal and Child wellness, Reproductive wellness, the National ARI and Diarrheal Disease Control Programme, Malaria Control Programme, National Tuberculosis Control Programme, National AIDS Control Programme, Nutrition, Mental wellness, Oral and Dental wellness, Health Promotion and Health Education, School Health Programme, Food Quality Control System, Food Support Programme and Food Security Programme. These last three come under the nutritionary plans for wellness. ( Economic Survey, 2009-2010 ) The main purpose of the plans is to cut down Under-five mortality to 52 per 1000 unrecorded births, infant mortality rate to 40 per 1000 unrecorded births, and maternal mortality ratio to 140 by the twelvemonth 2015, through utilizing intercession schemes. Besides, the proportion of annual old kids immunized against rubeolas is targeted to be increased to 85 % , and proportion of births attended by skilled wellness staff is to be increased to 90 % by 2015. Schemes to battle TB, Malaria, HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis and other catching diseases have besides been planned ( Economic Survey, 2009-2010 ) . Over the past several old ages, the Government of Pakistan has started a figure of undertakings and plans that aim at recuperating wellness results related to female parent, newborn and child wellness. These have been initiated with both with public sector money, and planetary development associates. The undertakings comprise of the Women Health Project ( WHP ) , Pakistan Initiative of Maternal, Newborn and Child Health ( PAIMAN ) , Pakistan Health Systems Strengthening Project ( GAVI-HSS ) and National Program for Family Planning and Primary Health Care PHC/FP ( LHW Program ) . The National Program for PHC/FP is aspired to supply MNCH services at easy entree of the community and works in the way of ducting the spread amid communities and wellness installations, as a consequence, recovering the easiness towards indispensable wellness attention services through the LHWs. This has demonstrated to be successful enterprise in supplying basic wellness services at the territory degree thou gh its impact on the Maternal and Child Mortality is non really momentous ( -via electronic beginnings ) . Furthermore, to strengthen the resource spreads in the bing service rescue for seting wellness of Mother, Newborn and Child Health on the route to recovery, and to recognize MDG Goals 4 and 5, the Government of Pakistan has instigated the National Maternal, Newborn and Child Health Programme ( NMNCH ) in 2006 as good. ( National Program For Maternal Newborn and Child Health, 2006-2012 ) 1.6 Keywords and Definitions Eysenck personality inventory: Expanded Program for Immunization Infant Mortality Rate ( IMR ) : The per centum of kids deceasing under one twelvemonth of age per 1000 unrecorded births. LHWs: Lady Health Workers MDGs: Millennium Development Goals ; a planetary committedness of puting up and following the mark ends towards eliminating utmost degrees of poorness. Millennium Development Goal 4: A set mark to cut down the mortality rate among kids under five by two-thirds between 1990 and 2015. PSH: Pakistan Statistical Handbook WDI: World Development Indexs 1.7 Study Aims The survey will try to explicate the factors act uponing infant mortality rate It will exemplify the bing steps, every bit good as the steps that would be helpful to follow in future. It will place the hazards associated increasing infant mortality rates, as a developing state compared to the planetary universe It would place indexs which would enable take downing the IMR in Pakistan. Performance of demographic and socio-economic indexs would be assessed in order to analyze their impact and come out for policy schemes to be adopted in Pakistan to assist stabilise and lower these rates, and lead Pakistan to accomplish MDG Goal 4. Chapter 2 – Literature Reappraisal 2.1 An overview of Child wellness in Developing and Developed Countries How to cite Profile And Indicators In Pakistan Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Occupational Health And Safety Law Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Occupational Health And Safety Law. Answer: Issue 1 The issue which has to be addressed in this case is to identify to identify the legal position of Vinod that he is an employee or an independent contractor. If he is an employee what are the compensations which he is entitled to. Rules In order to determine the compensation to be paid to a person it has to be analyzed that he works in the capacity of an employee or an independent contractor. The relationship between an employee and an independent contractor is determined through the use of legislations as well as commonlaw tests provided through various tests. The major legislation dealing with the relationship between employee and employer in Australia is the Fair Work Act 2009. The Independent Contractors Act 2006 and the Fair Work Act 2009 set out the entitlements and the rights of contractors and employees in Australia. There are various factors on which the differences between an contractor and employee is based on. A single factor cannot determine whether a person is a contractor or an employee. The totality of the relation is analyzed by the courts looking at each case in order to determine the employment status of a person. A few common factors for the purpose of determining whether a person is an independent contractor or employee are as follows. Degree of control on how the work is to be performed: the work which is performed by an employee is totally under the control and direction of the employer on a regular basis. An independent contractor has a high degree of control over the work done by them. Hours of work: an employee mostly has set hours of work which can have flexible timing. The hours of a casual employee may vary from week to week. On the other hand the contract decides on what hours the work which has been provided to him has to be completed. Risks: An employee has no financial risk during the course of employment as the risks are covered by the employer. On the other hand an independent contractor bears the risk associated with making profits or incurring losses on every task. The liability of poor work is also borne by the contractor along with any injury sustained while doing the task. Therefore the contractors have a personal insurance policy. Superannuation: an employee has the right to receive superannuation which is paid into a nominated fund by the employer. On the other hand contractors pay their own superannuation however they may have the right to superannuation funds in certain cases. Equipments and tools: generally an employee is provide equipments and tools by the employer or else they are given a tool allowance. On the other hand contractors use their own equipments and tools. Alternative arrangements may also be made within the contract or services. Tax: The income taxes off the employees are deducted by their employers whereas the contractors pay their own GST and tax to the ATO. Method of payment: employees are paid regularly such as weekly, fortnightly or monthly. On the other hand the contractor has ABN and an invoice is submitted by him when the work is completed or he is paid directly after completion. Leave: an employee is entitled to leaves which are paid such as annual leave and long services leave or right to a loading instead of leave entitlements such as in case of casual employees. However a contractor is not entitled to any paid leaves. In the case of Comcare v PVYW[2013]HCA 41 it had been ruled by the high court that the employers would be liable for injuries which have been sustained by the employees during the course of employment. However such compensation does not extend to sexual encounters faced by employees during work trips. In the case of Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd [2001] HCA 44 it was held by the high court that a bicycle courier who was paid in accordance to the number of successful deliveries made, but was provided a uniform by the company and was also told when to work and how much money to take and did not have supply to any expensive equipment was based on thecommon law business integration test an employee. Application In this case it has been provided that Vinod is a university student who is a part time worker for Yum Yum pizzas. He has been provided with particular shifts with strict commencements which does not have any specified finishing time. He also has been supplied with a uniform by the pizza company. He is required to wear such uniform at the time of delivering pizzas. He has not been provided with any vehicle by the company for such delivery and uses his own bicycle for the operations. A tool in form of an heat retaining panniers have also been provided by the company to ensures the pizza are hot. He is paid fee according to the deliveries. In the given situation it can been seen that it is not clear that whether he is an independent contractor or an employee as no clear idea can be obtained through his employment term. However as discussed above no single term can be used to determine the employment status and it has to be analyzed in accordance to the overall contract. According to the principles of the Vabo case which has similar situation related to that of Vinod it can be said that the Vinod is an employee of the pizza company as he has also been given a uniform, uses his own equipments, is paid per delivery and is told when to work by the company. According to the principles of the Comcare case Vinod is entitled to compensation from the Yum Yum pizza as he has been injured during the course of employment. Conclusion Vindo is an employee of the company and is entitled to compensation from Yum Yum pizza. Issue 2 Is Penelope entitled to compensation, if so who is liable to pay such compensation Rules It has already been established in the above discussion that Vinod is an employee of Yum Yum Pizzas. According to the principles of vicarious liability an employer is liable for the action of their employees. The commonlaw principles is established in Australia if two elements are provides. Firstly, there must be a relationship between the wrongdoer and the person to be held vicariously liable. The person must have a degree of control over the working of the wrongdoer. The wrongful action must have been committed in the course of employment. The fact that such act was not authorized by the employer does not have any effect on his position to be held liable for the actions of the employee as provided by the case of Pioneer Mortgage Services Pty Ltd v Columbus Capital Pty Ltd [2016] FCAFC 78. In this case both the employee and the employer are jointly and severally liable. However in Australia the employee may not have any right to recover the loss from the employee for negligence. The concept of negligence arises when a person has a duty of care towards another. It was first provided in Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 AC 522. The duty has to be breached and harm has to be suffered by the other person because of such breach in duty. Any harm which is caused due to the negligent act has to be compensated by the wrong doer. However there is a specific defense which a wrongdoer may use in case of a claim for negligence. The defense is known as contributory negligence. Whether a person has made a contribution towards his injury or not is assessed using the same principles which are used for analyzing a negligent activity. In case of contributory negligence the partial or whole claim for negligence can be defeated. The concept had been used in the case of Podrebersek v Australian Iron and Steel [1985] HCA 34. Whether a duty of care is there or not is seen through the application of the neighbors principle provided by the Donoghue v Stevenson case. Whether the duty has been violated is seen by making a reasonable person in same situation and comparing the original action to his actions. The harm is caused by the breach is analyzed by the but for test which means that whether the injury would have happened if there was no negligence. Application In this case it has been already established that Vinod is an employee of the pizza company. As per the principles of vicarious liability if it is established that vindo has been negligent towards Penelope than the pizza company would be held liable to pay compensation to Penelope. This is because the act was done during the course of employment as Vinod was going to deliver a pizza. Even if he had collected alcohol during in between his shift the accident took place when he was actually going to deliver a pizza. In addition it has been discussed above that even if authority is provided by the employer he can be liable for the actions of his employees during the course of employment. Thus Yum Yum Pizza would be liable if it is established that Vinod was negligent towards Penelope. Coming to the accident it has been provided clearly that Vindo was paddling in excess of the speed limits as he was getting late. According to the neighbor principles he has duty of care to any pedestrian as his negligence could have caused them harm. A reasonable person would have not been paddling in excess of the speed limit. In addition if he would have paddled in a normal way he could have avoided the accident. The injury to Penelope would not have been caused if there was no negligence. Thus a claim for negligence is established. However, as discussed above contributory negligence can be used as a defense by a wrongdoer. In this case thus it would be analyzed that whether Penelope was himself negligent towards the injury or not. It is provided in the scenario that Penelope was intoxicated and knowingly played chicken with the traffic. A reasonable person in the same situation would not have done so. If this was not the case injury would have been avoided easily. Thus he is contributory negligent and the claim for compensation would be reduced or defeated as decided by the court Conclusion Penelope can claim compensation from Yum Yum Pizza but is likely to have the compensation proportionate according to the principles of contributory negligence. References Comcare v PVYW[2013]HCA 41 Donoghue v Stevenson 1932 AC 522 Fair Work Act 2009 Hollis v Vabu Pty Ltd [2001] HCA 44 Pioneer Mortgage Services Pty Ltd v Columbus Capital Pty Ltd [2016] FCAFC 78 Podrebersek v Australian Iron and Steel [1985] HCA 34 The Independent Contractors Act 2006