Process Payroll Compensation and organizational

Question: Examine about the Process Payroll for Compensation and hierarchical. Answer: Objective To record consistent information of pay roll Action Five sections records Check finance information Authoritative staffs plan to check the finance information so as to confirm the exactness of information that has been placed in the finance. Explain errors In the event that the authoritative representatives consider any lack of definition in the compensation move information, they have total option to bring up an issue. Worker finance detail A worker has each option to see the subtleties of the pay rest inside the present payroll interval. So as to see the subtleties of the compensation move, workers need to sign in the framework for going into my entryway and to choose pay subtleties. Figure installment because of the individual workers The installment has been commonly determined according to the times of work of an individual worker. Standard compensation and variety as far as worker wellspring of information Now and again representatives mean to invest expansion energy towards the authoritative administrations Al-(Zoubi 2012). Business associations like to gather the worker information dependent on which they like to give a standard compensation that depends on representative variety. Action 2A: Objective To make a finance inside a specified timeframe Action Association foundation/cutoff time of working environment in regard to the finance readiness The Iconic is a retail business association involving a mainstream place in the domain of retail area. In excess of 10 thousand representatives are related with this organization. This specific association likes to pay the compensation to each person on the main day of consistently (Carr 2014). Along these lines, the business association likes to set up the finance each at the most recent day of month. Significant data required for making finance Prior to making a finance, the business authority has to know a portion of the main considerations that include: The times of work of representatives Number of planned leaves Number of unscheduled leaves Contextual investigation dependent on workers information From a viable contextual analysis of The Iconic, it has been seen that one individual worker needed to take two unscheduled leaves because of a crisis case (Cryder and Loewenstein 2012). In this way, while making the finance, business authority has included those two leaves in the classification of NPL (non-paid leave). Along these lines, the compensation would be deducted of this individual representative (Elson et al. 2012). On the off chance that the representative isn't intrigued to deduct the pay, this individual should data this to human asset supervisors. On the off chance that it is significant to human asset administrators, they can change those two unscheduled leaves with easygoing leaves of one month from now (Gomez-Mejia, Berrone and Franco-Santos 2014). All things considered, the pay isn't deducted of that singular worker. Action 2B: Objective To accommodate compensation for the time of pay Movement Examination the way Organization accommodate compensation The Iconic will in general keep up a fix pay. Each representative in consistently needs to meet a fix target. In any event 70% targets must be satisfied by each representative. On the off chance that an individual worker can't meet the month to month target, not up to 70%, the authority chooses to deduct the compensation. Moreover, representatives are permitted to take two easygoing leave each month (Hodson and Jensen 2013). In the event that they need in excess of two CL, they need to bargain their pay. Rectifies the irregulation Each worker just as business needs to follow a portion of the significant guidelines, for example, information security act, wellbeing and wellbeing act, hostile to segregation act, right to data act, etc (Jeong 2012). Both the business and the worker can make a prompt move if those guidelines have not been followed inside the association appropriately. The assigned individual to comprehend the issue Human asset chiefs and the records division need to play a significant job so as to keep up the whole strategy of finance (John, Loewenstein and Rick 2014). The human asset chiefs need to assume the significant job of making the representatives pay slip. In view of the compensation rest, the records division plays the obligation of computing the pay of each individual worker individually (Kumar and Pandya 2012). Plan for installment Before making the compensation slip, the human asset administrators plan to think on a portion of the main considerations that incorporate The complete long periods of work of an individual representative The quantity of NPL taken in one single month The quantity of earnest leave taken in that month The quantity of easygoing leave Regardless of whether this individual workers can meet the month to month target or not In the event that not, at that point how much objective the worker has gone after that month In light of the capacity to arrive at the objective, the workers need to figure how much reasoning would be taken of that singular representative. Movement 2C: Objective To acquire finance approval just as individual compensation counsel Movement Why is picking up the approval significant? Approval gives long haul security to the workers. Previously, including with the business procedure, the workers will in general gather an inside and out information about the association (Lee and Won 2014). In the event that the association isn't had with approval, the representatives will in general demonstrate their hesitance to participate in such a shaky spot. An approved organization consistently gives a professional stability to the workers (Leung et al. 2013). Workers don't need to go through their day in alarms whether they would have the option to endure or not. Approval then again assists with keeping up the picture of an association (Meals 2014). In the event that a representative is related with an organization, which is had with legitimate power, they can get a confirmation of getting by in the business for quite a while. How does the association guarantee that the approval is great? The structure of finance and the exchange permit are the two significant instruments dependent on which the association can request themselves as an approved one (Nayak, Sequeira and Senapati 2012). Right off the bat, if the organization has a legitimate power, the pay structure would be totally unique in relation to the insignificant association (Park 2015). The workers would get the offices of PF, ESI, clinical protection, yearly reward, execution evaluation. Without being an approved organization, the representatives could always be unable to get those offices and advantages. Moreover, approved organizations consistently get an administration endorsement for keeping up their business in the business. In view of that endorsement, the workers get PF offices (Quarter 2014). The Iconic is out-an out an approved organization. The representatives of The Iconic get PF and ESI offices. In consistently, the businesses expect to give worker reward so as to rouse them towards business and administrations. Moreover, in view of the two examination strategies, the workers get increases toward the finish of year. Augmentations depend on the presentation of representatives (Sanghavi 2014). Movement 2D: Objective To deliver, check and store the finance movement Movement What are the most significant data that pay roll can incorporate The most significant data that finance can incorporate are as per the following: Name of the representatives Representatives ID that has been given by the power Pay structure Organization enlistment number Workers date of joining Worker code thus numerous Utilizing the information of a worker, list the data that remember for the finance record The data that remember for the finance record are as per the following: Absolute long periods of work of an individual worker The quantity of CL that the worker has taken for this specific month The quantity of NPL that an individual needed to take during the current month (assuming any) Aggregate sum of compensation The measure of compensation reasoning (assuming any) By what means will you like to store the data as far as organization strategy So as to store the worker data, the human asset chiefs will in general take a steady record or database inside them. the Iconic being an online business shop puts stock in cutting edge innovation (Satpathy 2012). With the assistance of progression of innovation, the human asset directors like to keep singular record of the workers (Scannell 2012). Human asset chiefs of The Iconic fundamentally focuses on a portion of the significant data that are as per the following: Worker name and lasting location Worker contact number Worker email ID A crisis number with the exception of the representative The location evidence of representatives Action 2E Objective To follow security technique for preparing and keeping up finance records Movement The data that have been short recorded Record kept Purpose behind keeping the record The perpetual location of the representatives The assignment dependent on which the representative is holding the seat The compensation structure of the representative The profitability of that specific representative accommodated the authoritative administrations The quantity of examination that the worker has gotten from the association The compensation structure of the association The extra advantages that business associations will in general give to the workers to the great execution Workers criticism about their fulfillment or disappointment with respect to the finance strategy gave by the organization Human asset chiefs mean to gather the perpetual location of each individual representative because of a few reasons. On the off chance that the workers need to require any dire case, the organization can arrive at the living arrangement of that singular representative. Also, lasting location mirrors the wellspring of credibility. By knowing the location, the HR chiefs can get an away from about the cause and wellspring of that person. Other than the name of each individual representative the HR administrators tend t

Using Similes and Metaphors to Enrich Writing (Part 1)

Utilizing Similes and Metaphors to Enrich Writing (Part 1) Consider these two sentences from Leonard Gardners epic Fat City: The stooped structures crawled in a lopsided line, similar to a wave, over the onion field.Occasionally there was a whirlwind, and he was overwhelmed by abrupt stirring and glinting shadows as a high winding of onion skins vacillated about him like a multitude of butterflies. Every one of these sentences contains an analogy: that is, an examination (normally presented by like or as) between two things that are by and large not alikesuch as a line of vagrant specialists and a wave, or onion skins and a multitude of butterflies. Authors use comparisons to clarify things, to communicate feeling, and to make their composing increasingly clear and engaging. Finding new analogies to use in your own composing additionally implies finding better approaches to take a gander at your subjects. Illustrations additionally offer metaphorical examinations, however these are inferred instead of presented by like or as. Check whether you can recognize the inferred examinations in these two sentences: The homestead was squatted on a dreary slope, where its fields, fanged in stones, dropped steeply to the town of Howling a mile away.(Stella Gibbons, Cold Comfort Farm)Time surges toward us with its clinic plate of limitlessly differed opiates, even while it is setting us up for its definitely deadly operation.(Tennessee Williams, The Rose Tattoo) The principal sentence utilizes the analogy of a mammoth hunched and fanged in rocks to depict the homestead and the fields. In the subsequent sentence, time is contrasted with a specialist going to a destined patient. Analogies and allegories are frequently utilized in enlightening composition to make clear sight and sound pictures, as in these two sentences: Over my head the mists thicken, at that point break and split like a thunder of cannonballs tumbling down a marble flight of stairs; their midsections opentoo late to run now!and unexpectedly the downpour comes down.(Edward Abbey, Desert Solitaire)The seabirds coast down to the waterstub-winged load planesland ponderously, taxi with shuddering wings and stepping paddle feet, at that point dive.(Franklin Russell, A Madness of Nature) The principal sentence above contains both an analogy (a thunder like that of cannonballs) and a representation (their guts open) in its sensation of a rainstorm. The subsequent sentence utilizes the analogy of stub-winged load planes to portray the developments of the seabirds. In the two cases, the metaphorical correlations offer the peruser a new and fascinating perspective on thing being portrayed. As writer Joseph Addison watched three centuries back, An honorable representation, when it is put to a bit of leeway, throws a sort of wonder round it, and darts a brilliance through an entire sentence  (The Spectator, July 8, 1712).â NEXT: Using Similes and Metaphors to Enrich Our Writing (Part 2).

The Fear of Losing Control as a Symptom of OCD

The Fear of Losing Control as a Symptom of OCD OCD Types Print The Fear of Losing Control and Harming Others With OCD By Marla Deibler, PsyD facebook twitter Marla W. Deibler, PsyD, MSCP, is a licensed clinical psychologist and nationally-recognized expert in anxiety disorders and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Marla Deibler, PsyD Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on July 02, 2015 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 14, 2020 Hero Images/Getty Images More in OCD Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Living With OCD Related Conditions Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder, which involves both obsessionsâ€"recurrent, persistent, intrusive thoughts, images, or urges that cause anxiety or distressâ€"and compulsionsâ€"repetitive behaviors or acts that are meant to reduce or neutralize anxiety and fears.   Obsessions such as contamination concerns and those involving perfectionism are common  obsessional themes of OCD that can manifest as cleaning, washing, checking, and arranging. However, some cases of OCD are misunderstood, misdiagnosed, and not always effectively treated, such as those involving the fear of losing control.?? Fear of Harming or Killing Yourself If you find yourself asking the question: How do I know Im not going to hurt or kill myself?, it is important to distinguish between actual suicidal ideation and thoughts of wanting to die, versus unwanted, intrusive thoughts of fearing the loss of self-control that could potentially result in harming or killing yourself.?? If you have OCD, you may fear losing  control to the point where it  results in your own demise. This does not mean you want to kill yourself. Rather your compulsions are likely carried out in a way that ensures you are safe. Compulsions to keep you safe may include:Avoidance of knives or sharp objectsAvoidance of songs, movies, or readings, which involve death or injuryAvoidance of belts, ropes, medicine bottles, and cabinets, or other objects that may be associated with suicideAvoidance of being alone Fear of Deliberately Harming Someone Else Many people with OCD fear that harm will come to their loved ones. If you are afraid you will harm someone close to you, it is important to distinguish between actual homicidal ideation versus unwanted, intrusive thoughts of having the potential to lose control and kill a loved one.?? If you have OCD, your fear of losing control may manifest in a way that appears neglectful or avoidant. Similar obsessions may involve assault, rape, incest, or other personal aggression or violation. Compulsions of this nature are carried out to ensure loved ones are safe.?? Compulsions to keep another person safe from you include:Avoiding knives or sharp objectsAvoiding songs, movies, or readings, which involve murder, death, or injuryAvoiding touching or caring for a loved one who has been the subject of the unwanted thoughtsAvoiding being alone with the loved one You may carry out these compulsions as a means of reassuring yourself that you wont hurt or kill your loved one, even if you lose control. Fear of Unknowingly Harming Someone Else It is important to distinguish violent, antisocial behavior from unwanted, intrusive thoughts of uncertainty. If you have OCD, you might find uncertainty extremely distressing, thus increasing any obsessive thoughts you may experience.?? In these cases, compulsions are carried out as a way of trying to gain certainty. Compulsions may include seeking reassurances from others, checking behavior (locks, windows, schedules), and mental rituals that involve trying to seek clarification. A Word From Verywell If you have any of these thoughts, it is important to speak with your doctor or therapist. Current evidence-based symptom treatments for OCD and the fear of losing control include  cognitive behavioral therapy  (exposure and response prevention [ERP/ExRP]) and medication (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) for OCD).?? If you have treatment-resistant OCD, your doctor may try a procedure such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) or transcranial magnetic stimulation  (TMS).   The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs

Traditional Gender Roles - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1441 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/16 Category Sociology Essay Level High school Tags: Gender Roles Essay Did you like this example? There are many things that seperate a man from a woman and the roles they are influenced to play in society. For instance, it is not an ordinary sight to see women working in a construction zone or on a professional football field. However, you typically dont see a man working as a stay at home parent or a receptionist. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Traditional Gender Roles" essay for you Create order Society generally associates certain gender roles depending on ones sex as being acceptable and appropriate. They are based on past traditions occurring throughout history. Gender roles have impacted people to expect certain sexes to speak, act, dress, groom, and conduct themselves a certain way. Men are supposed to rugged providers and defenders,while women are seen as the sensible caretakers. This is why men generally work more and harder hours then woman, but this doesnt mean men are more important, because women get just as much done by working smarter rather than physically like traditional men. Women usually are the ones behind planning organization and spending, whereas on the other hand men are used to work and get the job done without much thought. Growing up men usually have more freedom and given more slack in school, while girls often have strict rules and where they go, who they hangout with, and what they wear. Girls are expected to be the top of their class and never g et in trouble. Men generally have easier childhoods but grow up to do extreme physical work and long hours while women have harder younger lives but then grow up to work much less than men, even though they work less they often have more stressful jobs that involves math and writing and thinking, compared to the men brute physicality. These guidelines are how many people live and its completely normal and never question it, but there is an expectation to the female athlete that believes she has what it takes to be a professional football player or that little boy that finds dancing a passion and wishes to take ballet. Society generally doesnt react well because it is different and not traditional. The article my six year old son takes ballet talks about how this mans sons is fascinated by ballet and faces bullying and his father does his best to protect his sons. He actually encourages his sons ballet stating,awesome it will make him strong and limber. This shows how men dont have to stick to their gender roles even though it is not generally accepted in society, but is present. In another article Pink think the author talks about how women do not have sugar and spice and everything nice, rather they can act however they want even if that is doing things outside of their gender roles or manlythings. So both men and women are breaking down the boundaries that have been set for so long, and are shaping a world were people believe they can be whatever they want to be even if its something as absurd as toaster oven. So now there is the question of what if men are tired of working hard jobs and start looking for less back breaking jobs such as desk jobs which are mainly operated by women. Who would be left to build houses and maintain cities or drive across the country just to deliver produce to a city that is unable to produce. The same is said for women, who will be left to organize business information or dispatch drivers to loads, or simply just stay home and care for their children. This is why evolving gender roles may cause a problem, simply because we have no experience yet and we dont know how things will work out compared to the endless tradition of men doing their part and women doing theirs and not questioning or trying to change the tradition. Besides work there is other gender roles such as the man on a date is required to pay for the women, or that a woman is supposed to clean her own house and cook for her man. Some people do not agree with gender roles and think that it is unfair to assign jobs to each gender. After extensive research it is apparent that females are the ones the unhappy with gender roles and the ones that are changing the tradition. If anything men are actually became more like the past men they even they were. According to the NPR podcast, men are hard workers but arent doi ng as well in schooling. More women than men are going to college, but the economy is moving farther away from jobs that favor men, thus leaving men to have to work harder just to keep their jobs.Women are starting to venture from their jobs and want to to get into the fields were men have been the only ones in these careers. The lines that separate men and women are seeming to disappear and there is nothing stop men and women from doing whatever they want. In the past people have had a very clear idea about what is appropriate to each gender and what is not, as for today we accept a lot more diversity and see gender as a continuum rather than two categories. Scott Russell Sanders brings forth to his male point of view concerning the feelings of guilt and shame over their persecution of women in The Men We Carry in Our Minds and How They Differ from the Real Lives of Most Men. He says to a friend of his This must be a hard time for women, they have so many paths to choose from, and so many voices calling them. He also says growing up he really envied women because they got to do things like: shop, visit neighbors, and run errands. Sanders proceeds to explain I didnt see, then, what a prison a house could because I did not realize, because such things were never spoken of how women suffered from mens bullying. This text shows why women should be changing the assumed gender roles and doing what they want instead of what they are expected to do. If women still continued on with tradition then the workforce would be completely men and the women would be home with the children cleaning the house but the thing is we as a society rely on women. In world war 2 when all able bodied american men were at war, women were left with the country to run by themselves. Women had to get jobs in factories to produce war supplies and according to the webpage klan academy more than 350,000 women actually joined the military as nurses, equipment operators, and pilots. Meaning the war could not have been fought without women. This is the same as everyday life, men rely on women for simple things that they dont have time or simply dont know how to do. Although, these traditional gender roles have been around for many years with little change; they are now being confronted and challenged by the people within society. Gender roles should not exist and the expectations behind them should disappear because they interfere with peoples freedom of self-expression and being true to themselves. There, also, is still a bad attitude towards people who go against gender roles. Gender roles create restrictions on peoples expression of themselves and do not allow people to be themselves without receiving judgment from others. Gender roles have come a long way from the time where a man has to go to work for 14 hours and then come home to his wife preparing dinner after tending to the children all day and having cleaned the house. Now men and women both work long hours even though typically men still work longer hours. But women have equal opportunities and have the challenges in their own jobs, which are just usually different than mens. Women a re able to do what they want and dont have to worry about someone dictating their life. Men also can do what they desire even if it strays away from their masculinity. Gender roles soon will be nonexistent and men and women will work in most of the same jobs and do most of the same things simply because society is evolving and people have more freedom than ever. Many women have struggled for their whole lives trying to get the chance to have equal opportunities as men. Many families remain together because of the work the woman puts in. However, the woman are just starting to get the credit they deserve for their commitment, effort, and devotion just like men in the past.

What Capstone Essay Samples Seminar Is - and What it Is Not

What Capstone Essay Samples Seminar Is - and What it Is Not Ideas, Formulas and Shortcuts for Capstone Essay Samples Seminar An artifact is a main source that makes a specific meaning in a particular cultural context. Together with the writing process, students are many times required to earn a presentation (also referred to as a defense) of their undertaking. When you prepare for the Reading section, it is wise for you whether you read an excessive amount of context in English. In the speaking section, you have to be confident of what you speak. Definitions of Capstone Essay Samples Seminar There are lots of different advantages of using our custom written service in the place of a capstone project template that you might find online. Every capstone project has to be investigative in nature, and they're always long term, resulting in something concrete in the shape of a presentation, performance or possibly a product. Students have the chance to work with experts in the ar ea, make important professional connections, and start to specialize in their own regions of interest. Seek advice from your seminar instructor directly for more info about the procedure and requirements if a multimedia or creative alternate is of interest. You can rest assured that it's the hardest task you will perform during your studying. If you're in the last year of your studying at college or university, you are going to have to compose a capstone undertaking. The capstone project is among the most essential projects that you have to submit during your studying. When a student reaches the last year of a degree program, among the tasks which he or she wants to complete is a capstone undertaking. New Ideas Into Capstone Essay Samples Seminar Never Before Revealed If you have to conference with me, don't hesitate to do so. Below is an outline of the way the program is usually structured. Usually, you will locate many capstone project topics on the web. The student sho uld select one of capstone project ideas associated with the course or specialization and compose a paper. Class participation is really important. These fields supplies you with quite lots of proposal to engage in. The class was made to be broken in three key components. Students want to know more about the use of anesthesia in the outcomes, they're trying to obtain some progressive ways which have the ability to earn anesthesia safer. The Upside to Capstone Essay Samples Seminar Exam Preparation is vital XAT score is accepted by a lot of the very best MBA colleges in India. So many individuals think IELTS Exam is valid only in the united kingdom or Australia and, as an example, it's not valid in the united states, New Zealand, etc.. Frequent Myths about IELTS It isn't true that should you take your IELTS Exam in your house country then you will receive a high score. Please note that in the event that you don't show up for the make-up exam, you won't be in a position to r e-schedule and you won't receive credit. This sample paper on Capstone Essay Examples provides a framework of relevant facts depending on the recent research in the area. You'll also learn to begin a narrative essay from our site. In case you have any questions, don't hesitate to ask them in comments to this post. If you own a capstone project topic that's interesting for you, it is going to be simpler to get started writing, gather the info, find the sources, and do the rest of the things you want to complete your work properly. Firstly, it's imperative to have an efficient and efficient teamwork. Make students focus their attention on specific set of questions about a particular topic. A team may sell the capacity if money is necessary for something different. As a consequence, students often have to learn skills since they are using them. The way IELTS Examiners mark or execute the test is the exact same from nation to nation. Be aware that work submitted without thi s form won't be graded. Such a project was conducted under the notion that results can be streamed utilizing the world wide web. You're only permitted to resubmit an assignment once, and it has to be submitted within a couple of weeks of being returned to you. It is wise to take into consideration the subject from the very start of the program. There is something which may force you to suffer from will become your capstone project at the conclusion of the educational calendar year. The venue for public presentation also needs to be identified. Introducing Capstone Essay Samples Seminar If you are searching for nursing capstone project ideas, you're in the correct place. What's more, she's also in the kind of collaborator, which is aiming to attain the target of each round. In high school, the big purpose of experiencing a capstone project is to make certain you think critically. You'll also be goal oriented, decent planner, and self-dependence and provide you with positiv e attitude towards certain matter. Maturation is only going to affect biological improvement. The intricacy of the capstone project is that you are supposed to use all of the knowledge, which you gain during the full time of studying. In the same way, the kind of relationships also plays an important part in the nurturing, particularly during child development. Ok, I Think I Understand Capstone Essay Samples Seminar, Now Tell Me About Capstone Essay Samples Seminar! There are quite a lot of approaches to compose an essay so you'll hardly locate an all-included recipe for a great many essay occasions. You can search for the ideal essay topic ideas online. Highlight the essential articles associated with your topic that you'll be discussing in the literature review section. Also, you can purchase an essay on the internet or request help to make my dissertation!

Cultural communication in France Free Essays

French people have expectations for people they interact with in their country whether foreign or local. They look to people trying to express themselves in French, because they are proud of their culture and their history with all the roles it has played on the world affairs. They have a brief hand shake done when as greetings for when people and also as bye bye when people are leaving. We will write a custom essay sample on Cultural communication in France or any similar topic only for you Order Now During discussions people face each other and are close to each other. It is considered rude to chew a gun in public, and to have hands inside the pockets while speaking to people or in public. Political discussions are usually common subjects in discussion which gets interesting since they are heated debates, this is a form of entertainment but people prefer not to talk about how they voted, or are planning to vote. At introductions people prefer to use the first name alone. At work, in schools there lacks the spirit of team work as students are taught on a system which encourages individual goal realization. Their dressing is more formal as compared to Americans, but they are not so conservative and they prefer to express their individuality by their way of dressing at work. Dark colored fabrics with patterns are in preference to light colored ones. In their meetings they spend so much time analyzing and little time on aims and steps to take. Meetings done over meals will only commence towards the end of a meal e. g. at dessert. French people are not so consciously punctual. They are a clear line between official matters and those that are private. Privacy is respected; knock and wait for an answer before you enter into a room. Organizations are based on hierarchy and centralization. How to cite Cultural communication in France, Papers

Orwell Essays - Essays By George Orwell, Books By George Orwell

Orwell George Orwell Title: Life and Works of George Orwell Author: Nigel Flynn Copyright: 1990 The Rourke Corporation George Orwell also known as Eric Arthur Blair lived from 1903 - 1950. He was a British writer who wrote documentaries, essays, and articles. He was born in Motihari, India. Orwell was educated at Eton College in England. From an early age Orwell said, Perhaps the age five or six, I knew that when I grew up I should be a writer. After Orwell did not win a university scholarship at Eton College he joined the Indian Imperial Police. He served with the Indian Imperial police in Burma from 1922 - 1927. At the age of twenty- four, he started to teach himself how to write. After his time as a police officer in Burma he returned to England for a couple of years he went on living in London and then Paris among the poor. Out of George Orwells experiences he wrote about conditions in his life and ordeals that occurred that no one had ever done before. Orwell experienced many difficulties in his field. First as a police officer in Burma he saw how brutally the people where being treated by the other police officers. He also wrote about his resignations that he had about domination of people over each other. When Orwell returned from Burma he returned as a poor very sick writer trying to find his way. He lived in poverty for several years, before he made his way to London. He would later write a book about his homeless conditions entitled Down and Out in Paris and London. In December of 1936, Orwell decided to enlist in the POAM, the Socialist military party in Spain, during the Spanish Civil War. Orwell fought for socialism in Spain, but was wounded in the neck and forced to return to England in 1938. After he returned from the war he would wrote about the conditions he encountered in the battlefield. Like all his reasons for writing the main purpose Orwell went to Spain was as he said, Was to kill fascists. Later that year Orwell became ill with Tuberculosis. The disease would later be his downfall in health and in his writing. He made many contributions throughout his life to humanity; however, his biggest was what he wrote about in his books. That I believe is his biggest contribution to society. Orwell was telling people about the conditions that he encountered such as: what the coal miners where going through. Which he wrote about in The Road To Wagon Pier. In this book he wrote about the evil conditions, foul housing , bad pay, and unemployment that the coal miners had to deal with. By doing this he rose awareness about the situation so they could be helped. George Orwell was the kind of writer who had to be in the center of activity. He wrote about the things people didnt want to acknowledge were going on or about political subjects he did not agree with in society. He went wherever he needed to raise awareness about a cause. On January 21st 1950, while working on a series of articles Orwell died of complications from Tuberculosis. After his death he would be remembered most for his influential books and his passion for writing. English Essays

Johnny Depp as Edward Scissorhands Essay Essays

Johnny Depp as Edward Scissorhands Essay Essays Johnny Depp as Edward Scissorhands Essay Paper Johnny Depp as Edward Scissorhands Essay Paper Johnny Depp. besides known as Edward Scissorhands is the chief focal point of this film. Edward being an innovation â€Å"monster† as some might state. but he besides has a sort bosom for others. After the discoverer â€Å"Father† of Edward died he stayed inclosed in the house. go forthing him unfinished him holding scissors for custodies. he had become socially staccato. Looking into Edward’s eyes you can state he’s lost psyche being in trapped in a unwanted organic structure. Deserted in this House he calls place all entirely until one twenty-four hours. Peg. a adult female who sells Avon. flatboats in and takes him with her. Edward gentle but frightened doesn’t cognize what the universe had in shop for him. Bing entirely for every bit long as Edward was he desired the attending Peg gave him. i candidly think Tim Burtons chief focal point of this movie was to demo that you can’t judge a book by its screen. by demoing off Edwards alone qualities demoing his fascinating personality A ; loving bosom towards others. While easy astonishing the neighbours with his bush trimming and hair cutting accomplishments. Edward falls drastically in love with Peg’s girl Kim. but. KIm is dating the Jim who is merely really hateful to Edward. Jim ever pointed out that he could neer keep custodies with Kim without aching her. besides Edward being so socially disconnected from society.

Functions with the T-Distribution in Excel

Functions with the T-Distribution in Excel Microsoft’s Excel is useful in performing basic calculations in statistics. Sometimes it is helpful to know all of the functions that are available to work with a particular topic. Here we will consider the functions in Excel that are related to the Student’s t-distribution. In addition to doing direct calculations with the t-distribution, Excel can also calculate confidence intervals and perform hypothesis tests. Functions Concerning the T-Distribution There are several functions in Excel that work directly with the t-distribution. Given a value along the t-distribution, the following functions all return the proportion of the distribution that is in the specified tail. A proportion in the tail can also be interpreted as a probability. These tail probabilities can be used for p-values in hypothesis tests. The T.DIST function returns the left tail of Student’s t-distribution. This function can also be used to obtain the y-value for any point along the density curve.The T.DIST.RT function returns the right tail of Student’s t-distribution.The T.DIST.2T function returns both tails of Student’s t-distribution. These functions all have similar arguments. These arguments are, in order: The value x, which denotes where along the x axis we are along the distributionThe number of degrees of freedom.The T.DIST function has a third argument , which allows us to choose between a cumulative distribution (by entering a 1) or not (by entering a 0). If we enter a 1, then this function will return a p-value. If we enter a 0 then this function will return the y-value of the density curve for the given x. Inverse Functions All of the functions T.DIST, T.DIST.RT and T.DIST.2T share a common property. We see how all of these functions start with a value along the t-distribution and then return a proportion. There are occasions when we would like to reverse this process. We start with a proportion and wish to know the value of t that corresponds to this proportion. In this case we use the appropriate inverse function in Excel. The function T.INV returns the left tailed inverse of Student’s T-distribution.The function T.INV.2T returns the two tailed inverse of Student’s T-distribution. There are two arguments for each of these functions. The first is the probability or proportion of the distribution. The second is the number of degrees of freedom for the particular distribution that we are curious about. Example of T.INV We will see an example of both the T.INV and the T.INV.2T functions. Suppose we are working with a t-distribution with 12 degrees of freedom. If we want to know the point along the distribution that accounts for 10% of the area under the curve to the left of this point, then we enter T.INV(0.1,12) into an empty cell. Excel returns the value -1.356. If instead we use the T.INV.2T function, we see that entering T.INV.2T(0.1,12) will return the value 1.782. This means that 10% of the area under the graph of the distribution function is to the left of -1.782 and to the right of 1.782. In general, by the symmetry of the t-distribution, for a probability P and degrees of freedom d we have T.INV.2T(P, d) ABS(T.INV(P/2,d), where ABS is the absolute value function in Excel. Confidence Intervals One of the topics on inferential statistics involves estimation of a population parameter. This estimate takes the form of a confidence interval. For example the estimate of a population mean is a sample mean. The estimate also possesses a margin of error, which Excel will calculate. For this margin of error we must use the CONFIDENCE.T function. Excel’s documentation says that the function CONFIDENCE.T is said to return the confidence interval using Student’s t-distribution. This function does return the margin of error. The arguments for this function are, in the order that they must be entered: Alpha – this is the level of significance. Alpha is also 1 – C, where C denotes the confidence level. For example, if we want 95% confidence, then we must enter 0.05 for alpha.Standard deviation – this is the sample standard deviation from our data set.Sample size. The formula that Excel uses for this calculation is: M t*s/ √n Here M is for margin, t* is the critical value that corresponds to the level of confidence, s is the sample standard deviation and n is the sample size. Example of Confidence Interval Suppose that we have a simple random sample of 16 cookies and we weigh them. We find that their mean weight is 3 grams with a standard deviation of 0.25 grams. What is a 90% confidence interval for the mean weight of all cookies of this brand? Here we simply type the following into an empty cell: CONFIDENCE.T(0.1,0.25,16) Excel returns 0.109565647. This is the margin of error. We subtract and also add this to our sample mean, and so our confidence interval is 2.89 grams to 3.11 grams. Tests of Significance Excel will also perform hypothesis tests that are related to the t-distribution. The function T.TEST returns the p-value for several different tests of significance. The arguments for the T.TEST function are: Array 1, which gives the first   set of sample data.Array 2, which gives the second set of sample dataTails, in which we can enter either 1 or 2.Type - 1 denotes a paired t-test, 2 a two-sample test with the same population variance, and 3 a two-sample test with different population variances.

CHILD HEALTH ISSUES IN A SCHOOL SETTING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

CHILD HEALTH ISSUES IN A SCHOOL SETTING - Essay Example This was aimed at promoting the health of children in schools with a long term impact of reducing the health challenges that children are facing by the time they progress in schools. This is an inclusive programme where the government, teachers, parents, and children are all involved in implementing the health situation. The programme looks into improving the health of the children to help them perform well at schools. This programme was launched in 1999 as collaboration between the department of health and department for Children, schools and Families with an aim of bringing health inequalities among children. This was duet to the inequalities that were observed in schools children which made even their interaction difficulty. It was aimed at raising the achievement of pupils through improved performance and making the pupil more interactive with others. It was aimed at streamlining in the working of health providers and educational institutions in improving the overall health of pupils. This paper was revised in 2004 setting new targets for achieving health status of children by 2009 throughout implementation of some strategies. According to Treasury (2004), it mainly focuses on promoting healthy eating, increasing awareness of the need for physical exercise, and promoting the emotional health of the pupils. School Setting The school is an important institution that tries to shape the life of an individual child. It is aimed at helping an individual child realize their potential in life and live to realize these potentials. Hence it is aim at promoting the correct growth of a child. The amount of item a child spends in school in the entire life cycle can make a great difference in life. That is why this paper wants to identify the school as an important setting which should be used to influence any issue concerning the growth of a child. Growth is defined not only as development physically, by as development in areas of emotions and spiritual. Growth of a childe physical and emotionally is very important in determining the future person. On of the key component of growth both physically and emotionally is health. Health is an important issue that determines how an individual child develops. Health is both physical and emotional. Physical growth involves the attainment of well-being physically while mental growth will take in the issues of mental stability. As we have seen above, child health has been an issue of concern not only in the family set up but also in the school set up as well. School setting is an important area where health problem of pupils can be addressed and corrected at an early age before they become a health problem to the child in later life. Teachers have faced a lot of difficulties while dealing with child health in the United Kingdom. The levels of obesity among children have been rising at an alarming rate. Obesity is seen as one of the challenge that children face in their social life at schools and also due to the challenges it poses to the health of the child. Obese children have been found to lead an isolated life since they find it difficulty to mix with other children who are not obese. Obesity has posed a health risk to the children with rising cases of type II diabetes being recorded in the health centres. There has also

Business Ethics - The Enron Scandal universal ethics point of view- Case Study

Business Ethics - The Enron Scandal universal ethics point of view- - Case Study Example The accounting fraud that would eventually come to be known as the Enron scandal was a creative, institutional, and systematic plan (Malcolm, 2008). Parties that took part in concealing Enron’s real financial condition were well known to the company. In this respect, the bid to address the underlying situation becomes an institutional process. To start with, the company’s corporate governance had failed. Instead of hiding this failure, stakeholders could have been consulted on ways to foster and enhance corporate governance. By virtue of business operations, shareholders and all other stakeholders for that matter deserved to know the actual direction that the company was taking. Board effectiveness, qualification, integrity, responsibility, and accountability were highly questionable. These aspects only came to light at a time when it was impossible to salvage the company. Given that business operations are profit-driven and that profits can undoubtedly attract unethical practices, there was need to vet and audit board operations from time to time. In so doing, the underlying issues were set to be identified before it was too late. The situation can, therefore, be addressed by taking measures to ensure that the company does not run independent of shareholders and other interested stakeholders. Conflicting interests were highly evident in the Enron case. Arthur Andersen played two roles in Enron; that of an auditor and that of a consultant (Malcolm, 2008). The direct implication is that one role relatively jeopardized the other, given that the same party undertook both roles. This situation stands to be addressed by ensuring that the two roles are handled by two independent parties. Ultimately, the management is to blame. This is because it downplayed the underlying risks of having an auditing firm that still offered consultation services to the same company. Financial entities that maintained an off-book relationship

Parkson Corporation Analysis

Parkson Corporation Analysis The objectives of this report is to present the findings of the strategic analysis conducted for Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd and recommend the key strategies that the organization should implement in order to against with their competitor. So, the report begins by examining the general environment that affect the growth of organization, industry condition by using Porters Five Forces Analysis. The discussion part will describe the three stakeholders that affect the decision making of company and organization direction. Next, review the strength, weakness, opportunities and threats which can call SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis determines and specifying the objective of the business venture or project and identifying the internal and external factors that are favorable and unfavorable to achieve that objective for company. Lastly, discuss about the key selection criteria and recommendations for Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd. to identify their strategies to against their main competitiv e and maintain its market share, market value and also their company reputation. 1.3  Scope of the report This report had covered the operations of Parkson Company in China, Vietnam and Malaysia. For information, the report had analyzed the internal and external environment and also its industrial conditions and competitors which are the factors of operation growth for Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd. Moreover, the online research such as online article, online magazine, online newspaper that related to Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd is the major information sources for the analysis. 1.4 Limitations Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd has their limitation too. Firstly, not all customers know the strategy of Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd. It causes them to lose their confidence towards the company. For example, from the operations of Parkson Company in China, it was showed that the market shares drop significantly. It highly depend on China causes customers to lose confidence because of their lack of the information about the company. Besides, the company sometimes showed some uncertain of their real performance and problems. The reason behind is sometimes the actions do not reflect what the report have mentioned so called transparency issues. Furthermore, Parkson Corporation Sdn Bhd cannot purchase their products through online. It show the inconvenient to the customers when they are not free or busy. In addition, it has their limited target market. They only focus more on the high income ladies. Therefore, it shows that it has no obvious competitive advantage compare with other competito rs. Thus, without the important information, the company will face lots of difficult problem. In order to solve their problems for their company, they must try to improve their operation management. 2.0 Background Of The Organization Parkson was one of the well known shopping malls. There was a lot of Parkson outlet can be found around the world. In other country such as China and Vietnam, there was a lot of Parkson outlet were available to be shop. Parkson was one of the largest department store company in China and Parkson currently has 35 outlets in Malaysia.Parkson branded department stores was divided into 36 brand and 2 Xtra branded. Parkson was established in the year of 1987. In Malaysia, the founder of Parkson was the retailing arm of the Lion Group and it is rapidly became one of the largest shopping malls in Malaysia. As an example, we can find Parkson outlet in Kuala Lumpur such as Subang Parade, Pavilion and other stated as well in Malaysia. Inside the Parkson, it has divided into few departments. The departments were strategically divided into different market segments and locations. The main purpose of the segmentations was preventing the customer to be confusing as the stores are categorized into 3 tiers depending on suitability of market and location. Since the Parkson was one of the successful shopping mall, it has been given a lot of achievements as their growing from strength to strength. Parkson always strive to do away with the conventions and to bring a fresh perspective to the retail industry. As an example, Parkson has been given a title of Malaysia Most Valuable Brands in 2009 or known as MMVB. MMVB is a part of a national brand valuation study commissioned by an Association of Accredited Advertising Agents Malaysia and conducted by Interbrand. Other achievement such as Certificate of Excellence Awarded to Parkson Pavilion being the Overall Best Retail Outlet in 2009/2010 and achievements that had achieved by Parkson. Parkson has its own moving forward target or mission. Parkson will constantly stays true to the needs and aspirations of the consumers. It has promises to continue to improve themselves in order to stay relevant. Parkson has emergence of younger age c onsumers who are well travelled, brand or image conscious and lifestyle-oriented will be the key of Parkson considerations which will lead Parkson lead the Parkson brand strategy. 4.0 Strategic Options Based on the situation analysis conducted, several strategic options or alternatives are proposed for the organisation. These strategic options include: 1. Set target customer higher We suggest Parkson Holdings upgrade their operation system and relocation their business direction by set their target customer among medium class income and upper class income customer. Parkson Holdings also can invite more branded company such as Gucci, LV and other come set their shop lot. There are few shopping center that sell luxury goods in Malaysia and previously Parkson Holdings image in public already is a high cost expenses shopping center. So now, we suggest Parkson Holdings try to upgrade their image and specific their customer segment, which medium and high classes income customers. 2. Refurbishing and Construct a new building For example, Parkson renovate the whole buildings by upgrade its store image and profile. Parkson can refine all the merchandise to higher income products and brand mix. This indirectly can enhance the productivity of retail space. Besides revamp the whole buildings, we would suggest that Parkson re-construct the building for instance let Mahkota Parade to be the Parkson Holdings shopping complex. Parkson will do all their business activities inside the shopping complex. Besides that, they also can rent their shop lots to other suppliers or clients to earn profits. 3. Preserving cash for potential MA opportunities and retail property acquisition Table 1. Major MAs Announced During 2006 MA Value (RM Billion) Parkson Retail Group, Lion Diversified Holdings Bhd, and Amalgamated Containers Bhd 4.3 Source: PWC Research As we can see from the Table 1 above, when Parkson Retail Group merged with Lion Diversified Holdings Bhd, and Amalgamated Containers Bhd, it can create the value of RM4.3 billion. Thus, we suggest that Parkson can choose to preserve some cash for potential mergers and acquisition opportunities and retail property acquisition. As mentioned in the first strategy, we suggest Parkson target medium and high classes income customers. Therefore, Parkson can choose to merge with Cold storage producers that sell high quality products like organic foods and used organic production method. We select organic foods as green products and services are now becoming the center attention of consumers. 4. Diversified product line to other industry and Retail space We suggest Parkson to invest in hotel industry other than just Parkson shopping centre complex. For example: we can refer to Hatten square which have their own buildings for retail shopping complex and also hospitality service suites in addition come out the ideas of Information Technology (IT) in their buildings. In addition, according to Parkson, it will target to expand its retail space by 15% 20% each year or 9-12 new stores in the countries where it operates. Hence, we suggest that Parkson can target country like India as India now is a fast growing country. If globalization success, this indirectly can helps in the formation of international financial system. 5. Go green projects For example, we can convey to Parkson Subang Parade, Parkson Corporation Sdn. Bhd. by implemented the No Plastic Bag Day Every Saturday green campaign  to reduce plastic bags in response of Environmental Social Responsibility (ESR). However, this strategy only covers in Selangor State. Thus, we suggest that this strategy can be further implemented to all parts of Malaysia. Furthermore, we also could follow the step of 1 Utama shopping mall in Petaling Jaya by come out a secret garden which has the system that reduces its usage of treated pipe water by 30%, and a building automation system with sensors that automatically adjust lighting and temperature. Moreover, we also can could followed the step of Tesco Greener Living by come out green gifts which using recycle material to handmade products. 6. Involve in Charity Apart from that, money that we earn from the Green projects will donate to the society for charity work. Parkson can also join charities and support groups that concentrate on eco-friendly lifestyles and choices. Parkson can donate items to schools, churches, city clubs and organizations. Parkson can promote themselves at eco-friendly events and give away items like free gifts or sample at school fairs, carnivals, or local cities farmers market. Involved in such events and can help people can become aware of contributing to the health of our planet and indirectly to help Parkson build a superior images in market. Key selection criteria According to Brundtland Commission (1987), sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Sustainable development is a worthy goal for small and big businesses everywhere, especially for globalization organization. As members of various communities, we know that society, the environment, and the economy are interconnected. In order to maintain sustainable image and revenue, Parkson will appear few strategies that try to create and more focus on awareness, reputation, make profit and efficiency when making strategies. Profit maximisation is the aim of the owners and shareholders. Company will try to make the most profit as possible. One of the essential factors for Parkson needs to focus its sales growth. Parkson need make as many sales as possible. This may be because we believe that the survival of the business depends on being large. Large businesses can also benefit from economies of scale. In order to this cases, Parkson will attempt to upgrade its store image and profile, diversified product line to other industry and also can merger or joint-venture with other sector industry. When Parkson struggle to merger with other sector industry or use differentiation strategy, it can help Parkson establish good reputation by thrust business into the limelight and open doors for Parkson. Besides, it also can assist Parkson to partner with a larger company such as Lion Diversified Holdings Bhd  [1]  , and Amalgamated Containers Bhd to access their large list of customers and it will frankly improve   Parkson profitability and EPS. Parkson can share the risks with partner and help to gain higher competitiveness; nevertheless it can be rigid Parkson to enter the new market and it will become barrier to entry for Parkson. Pay attention to the environmental impact of our economic practices, and try to ensure that our communities are healthy, pleasant places to live. Nowadays, organizations started to paying attention and actively producing greener products and services to create a center of attention consumers. Parkson Corporation Sdn. Bhd. actively involved in sustainable development and follows the pace to adopt environmentally sound business principles and translate these into action. Parkson Corporation CEO raises awareness and reputation at this time, and he believes that the positive impact for the environment is immense for 2011 and well into the future. He adopt this approach because he believe and aware that operating a green business is not only good for the environment but good for their businesss bottom line because conserving resources and cutting down on waste saves money However, Parkson Corporation Sdn. Bhd. promotes No Plastic Bag Day only covers in Selangor State initially, it haven i mplement in other states. Environmentalism is no enough for certain places; it should engage numerous metropolitan areas and every branch in promoting the use of eco friendly bags in order to get more efficient and successful effects. Even thorough Parkson Corporation Sdn. Bhd. had implement eco-friendly, nevertheless it still no adequate to contributing to a healthy world and healthier place for us and for the future. Parkson should put more improvement and enhancement to implement eco-friendly. For example, we can follow the step of Tesco Greener Living by come out green gifts which using recycle material to handmade products. We also can put more focus of store on the eco-friendly category. Parkson can let customers see that there are practicing what their sell. If customers feel like you have a true passion about the environment, it will help them purchase these items with confidence. If customer is interested in an item, try to offer them a similar item that is eco-friendly. It not merely can make contribution to making the world a better place; it also straightforwardly can enhance and create awareness to customers and build customer loyalty. In order to determine where it is going, the organization needs to know exactly where it stands, then determine where it wants to go and how it will get there. Parkson need to carefully establish unique value proposition and strategies compared to competitors, executed through operations that provide different and tailored value to customers and drives continual improvement within the organization and moves it toward its vision in order to become market leaders in market. 6.0 Recommendation Key Questions Option/Hypothesis/ Recommendation Decision Criteria Pros Cons (i)Parkson had started to pay attention to the environmental impact of our economic practices, and try to ensure that our communities are healthy, pleasant places to live. (i)Parkson should propose the shop outlet to have a zero plastic bag day in order to archive a green environment target. (ii)Zero plastic on Saturday was not enough to influence the customer to be more green environmental minded but should apply to other day as well. (i)No plastic bag was given to the customer whenever the customers purchase their stuff in Parkson during Saturday period. (ii)The customers who really or ask for the plastics bag will be charge for 20 cent each. (i) A green business able to provide a better environment and also a good for their businesss bottom line because conserving resources and cutting down on waste saves money. (ii) Able to prevent damaging the environment from the chemicals in cleaning products that are sprayed out into the air. (i)There will be some of the customer dislike the strategy of the Parkson (ii)The customer might be dislike to shop on Saturday. (iii)The non given plastic bag strategy might cause the sales of the Parkson drops. (iv)Other competitors might gains advantages on Parkson strategy and increase their sales. Since everyone of the shopping mall had started to pay attention on the green environment activities, the Parkson also had started the move on it. Most of the shopping complex had their own strategy like no plastic bag will be provide to the customer who purchase stuff or item on Saturday. We believe that it is not enough for Parkson to active on this program. As a result, Parkson can improve it by having more zero plastic bag days for the week. Nevertheless, it is important for the shop outlet in Parkson to be corporate with them as well. The shop outlet also can propose not to provide plastic bag to the customer. In directly, it can help our environment to be a better place and also can help them to save their cost. (ii) How Parkson time to times change improve their Parkson images and environment of the shopping complex? (i) Parkson can create their own super market and no need other super market or hyper market such as Cold Storage. With this, Parkson can have a better environment and gain more competitive advantages. (ii) Once Parkson have their own brand name, they can try to sell their product at other shopping mall in order to have a different shopping environment for the customer. (i)Parkson always construct or renovate their building As an example in Malacca( Mahkota Parade had relocate the shop location and paint their building. (i) Parkson able has a better management for the shop. (ii) Parkson able to generate new image, give new shopping feels and attract more customer to shopping. (iii) They also can rent their shop lots to other suppliers or clients to earn profits. (v) Parkson upgrade their operation system and relocation their business direction. (i)It might comsume a lot capital for the renovation and building construction in order to have a new building. (ii)Is hard to find a new place or location to construct a new building (iii)When there is a renovation, it might disturb the businesses which are going on. (iv)When there is a renovation, A lot of space consuming will be required. Such as the place to store the renovation stuffs and parking lots. When time past, the customer might be started to get bored due to the unchangeable environment or shop in the Parkson. As a result, Parkson had started to change their image and the shopping environmental. As we can see, most of the Parkson had reconstructs their building, painting their building and so on. I believe that it is not enough to satisfy the customer needs. Parkson can try to create their own super market or hyper market instead of renting their space to the Cold Storage or Giant. It can help them to gain more competitive advantage and have a better shopping environment for the customers. It might include a lot of capital but we believe that Parkson able to generate more profit in the future. By that time, Parkson no longer depend to other super market or hyper market but it has it own brand or name of the super market. (iii)What capability should Parkson develop to ensure the success? (i)High diversification to increase the profit. (ii) Since Parkson have their own member card or member day, Parkson should have more attractive reward which can redeem by the customer with the bonus link point. (iii) Parkson should attract more investor to invest in to their share as well. With a huge capital provide from the investor, Parkson can develop more their shopping more or maybe have a better management. (i)High diversification. (ii)Differentiation strategy. (iii)Focusing on their product line. (i)Less risk with the premium pricing and increase retail consumer market. (ii) Parkson able to gain more competitive advantages. (iii) With a interesting or attractive reward, it can indirectly influence the customer to spend more on their products. (i)Economic downturn. (ii)Competitor strategy to counter the Parkson strategy. (iii) If investment by the Parkson fail will cause the investor occurs loss. (iv) The cost of the reward to member might include a huge capital. Parkson was one of the famous shopping mall. In every department of the Parkson, we can find a lot of product sell by them and it has show Parkson product is highly diversified. It is one of a good strategy to increase the profit. But there is a weakness among them. Most of the product sell by them were more to the female department comparing with department. Parkson should implement differentiation strategy and make the diversification in to more wide area. Focus more on the product line and make it balance well be one of the great solutions for this matter.

Education †Law Essay

Life is too short for acquiring knowledge. Student life is mainly meant for studies. A student who devotes his full energy and time to his studies is a good son of his motherland. India needs mentally alert and able young men and women. It is the duty of students to acquire as much knowledge as they can during their student life. A nation of undisciplined citizens can never make any progress. Such a nation is always in danger of extinction. Indiscipline is a serious drawback of our national life. Not only students but also mature citizens, responsible leaders and honorable legislators, often behave in an undisciplined way. This shows that they did not get proper training in early life. Naturally, it becomes the most important duty of students to be fully disciplined. They should be disciplined in every thought and action. No one can become disciplined. It is essential in their life outside schools and colleges. The damaging of public property, burning of buses etc., are all signs of indiscipline. They are anit-national activities. Students must not indulge in them. During the national struggle for freedom, students were asked to take active part in the struggle. But in free India students must devote all their time to their studies. However, political parties use them to gain their own ends. In Gujarat, in Punjab, in Assam, in Bihar, and in other parts of the country, students were used as tools. They took part in agitations against price-rise, unemployment, or for the dissolution of some Legislative Assembly or the other at the cost of their studies. Students must safeguard themselves against their involvement in politics. It simply means wastage of time and energy. Only mature minds can be successful in politics. the first duty of students is to carry on their studies. They should avoid politics. A nation does not live by its big factories, dams or buildings. It can live only by the character of its people. During three hundred years of foreign rule, our moral character was shaken. Students are yet in the process of training. It is their sacred duty to build up their character. They must learn from the very beginning the lesson of self-help, self-reliance and self-sacrifice. These are the essential qualities of character which they  must acquire. They should learn to co-operate with each other in their class-rooms, on playgrounds and in other activities of college life. For them no duty is of greater importance than the development of character. Today communalism threatens to break the country into pieces. Religion is being used to secure votes. This must not be done. It is the duty of students to see that religion is declined from politics. Religion must not be misused for political purposes. Further, students must shun violence. Violence leads to terrorism. Every effort must be made to do away with it. Students as citizens of India must play an active part in putting down such evils. Students should participate in the political life of the country, but not at the cost of their studies. No doubt, the voting age has now been lowered to 18 years, but this does not mean that they should neglect their studies. Seasoned and experienced leaders are there to shape the destiny of the nation. Students will be required to take their place when they retire. They are the future builders of the nation. Their duty in the present is to prepare for the future. They should be well equipped morally, emotionally, mentally and physically. In this way alone would they do discharging their duty to their motherland.

The Business Sector Driven Rationale Of Neoliberal Free...

As per Paulo Freire, as the business sector driven rationale of neoliberal free enterprise keeps on devaluing all parts of people in general great, one outcome has been that the instructive worry with greatness has been expelled from matters of value, while the thought of educating as an open decent has to a great extent been diminished to a private decent. Both open and advanced education are to a great extent characterized by the corporate interest that they give the abilities, learning and qualifications that will give the workforce important to the United States to contend and keep up its part as the major worldwide monetary and military force. (Stefkovich, 2013). Along these lines, for Freire, education was not a way to plan†¦show more content†¦What Paulo clarified in Instructional method of the Oppressed, his most compelling work, is that instructional method taking care of business is about neither one of the training, showing techniques nor political influence. For Freire, instructional method is not a strategy or a from the earlier system to be forced on all understudies, however a political and good practice that gives the learning, abilities and social relations that empower understudies to grow the conceivable outcomes of being basic natives, while extending and developing their investment in the guarantee of a substantive majority rules system. Basic intuition for Freire was not a question lesson in test taking, but rather an apparatus for self-determination and city engagement. For Freire, basic speculation was not about the assignment of essentially recreating the past and understanding the present. (Zeichner Liston, 2013). Freire rejected those administrations of instructive corruption sorted out around the requests of the business sector, instrumentalized information and the need of preparing over the quest for the creative ability, basic intuition and the educating of opportunity and social obligation. (Zeichner Liston, 2013). As opposed to take on the position of a false fair-mindedness, Freire trusted that basic teaching method

THE LEGAL ELEMENTS OF FINANCING IN BUSINESS - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 15 Words: 4553 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Balance sheet: This financial information sheet is very important as it illustrates the companys financial status and stability, as it summarises how the company is being operated, as well as listing its liabilities and assets (Alexander and Britton, 2004). The term balance sheet explains its intention of presenting financial data as its two parts are intended to balance and show equality, and would normally include the following information: (International Labour Office, 1991) Current assets Fixed assets Current liabilities Long-term liabilities Shareholders equity Current assets: These differ from fixed assets as these could be sold or used within one year, and are listed on the balance sheet in order of their increasing liquidity value, so are normally ordered as stock, debtors and cash. Therefore, the financial strength of a company is represented by its current assets, but it also demonstrates its operating efficiency and its competitive pos ition with other companies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "THE LEGAL ELEMENTS OF FINANCING IN BUSINESS" essay for you Create order However, the value levels of current assets need to be sufficient for companies to operate on a day-to-day basis, but if these become insufficient then the company will need to find an external source of funds, such as loans that are termed debts. According to Shapiro and Balbirer (2000), there are five different types of current assets: Cash and equivalent high liquidity items, Investments over the short-term and long-term, Accounts that will be received, Inventories of stock held, and Expenses that are pre-paid. Fixed assets: These would include assets that the company would not intend to sell within one year, so could not be used to operate the business or exchanged or sold for cash. Therefore, these may be regarded as the companys property, such as building structures or land (Ross et al., 2007). However, these fixed assets can also be subject to subdivision into two types: (Vanhorne and Wachowicz, 2008) Tangible assets: These exist physically and contr ibute to the companys overall financial value, and would normally include building, bank deposit, machinery and land assets. Intangible asset: These are different from tangible assets as they do not visibly exist as a physical form or directly contribute to the companys financial value. Therefore, these are listed on the balance sheet differently. This may be explained by a company purchasing a patent to protect its products design rights, as the purchase of the patent remains an asset that is intangible. However, its purchase may lead to generating revenue at a later date indirectly. Goodwill is another intangible asset that gives credibility and indirect value to a company. Therefore, a companys intangible assets should be: Identified, Controlled, and Used to improve profit margins. Current liabilities: Current liabilities are those that need to be repaid or clear within one year, and usually relate to short-term loans taken from external sources, so demonstrates a companys liabilities or debts. These would often include the interest that needs to be paid to clients for any deposits invested with the company, short-term loans and any outstanding accounts that remain unpaid (Watson and Head, 2009). Long-term liabilities: Long-term liabilities would normally describe all long-term loans from external sources, where liability for repayment extends more than one year. However, if the final repayments will be completed for long-term loans within the forthcoming year, these would be reclassified as current liabilities, but a simple definition of long-term liabilities would be long-term debts. Some companys take short-term loans or debts to finance specific work activities, but renew these on an annual basis, so when this pattern is established, the practice would be defined as long-term liabilities (Alexander and Britton, 2004). Shareholders equity: This represents the companys total worth, and the claim by shareholders on the companys finance s when all loans, debts and credits have been paid (Banks, 2010), although this equity is also known as owners equity. Needles et al. (2008) explain that the formula shown below for calculating shareholders equity may be adopted. Stockholders equity = Total assets Total liabilities Or Shareholders equity = Share capital + Retained earnings Treasury shares These formulas would produce the companys net worth, stockholders equity and share capital, which are all similar terms. Shareholders equity is shown on the balance sheet, and two sources will determine the data for this formula calculation. Firstly, financial data relating to the selling of stock and the investors payments for these, and secondly any retained earnings. Retained earnings are likely to be company profits not paid to shareholders. Both sources of financial data generate the value of shareholders equity. Part 1 The items for the balance sheet for SHU plc is shown in the table below that present end-of-year values for 2008 and 2009, and shown in thousands of pounds, and expenses and revenues for each of these years are shown as profit and loss items. This data also includes all taxes paid for each year. 2008 2009 Revenue  £4,000  £4,100 Costs of goods sold 1,600 1,700 Depreciation 500 520 Inventories 300 350 Administrative expense 500 550 Interest expense 150 150 Central and local taxes 400 420 Accounts payable 300 350 Accounts receivable 400 450 Fixed assets 5,000 5800 Long term debt 2,000 2,400 Notes payable 1,000 600 Dividends paid 410 410 Cash and marketable securities 800 300 1.1 Balance Sheet The balance sheet shown below presents the financial statement for SHU for 2008 and 2008, which produces the second part of question A that calculates shareholders equity. Assets 2009 2008 Liabilities 2009 2008 Current assets Current liabilities Cash equivalents 300 800 Due debt for payment Receivables 450 400 Accounts payable 350 300 Inventories 350 300 Other current liabilities 600 1000 Other current assets Total current assets 1100 1500 Total current liabilities 950 1300 Fixed assets 5800 5000 Long term debt 2400 2000 Tangible fixed asset Deferred income taxes Property, plant and equipment Other long term liabilities Less accumulated depreciation Net tangible fixed assets 5800 5000 Total liabilities 3350 3300 Intangible fixed assets Good will Other intangible assets Total intangible fixed assets Share holders equity 3200 2760 Total fixed assets 5800 5000 Retained earnings 350 440 Other assets Total share holders equity 3550 3200 Total assets 6900 6500 Total liabilities and share holders equity 6900 6500 1.2 Shareholders equity When all liabilities have been deducted, shareholders equity demonstrates a companys net worth (Pinto and CFA Institute, 2010), and this value is shown on the balance sheet after calculating the financial data. The formula suggested by Needles at al. (2008) calculates shareholders equity as below: Shareholders equity = Total assets Total liabilities Therefore, this financial data will be taken from the balance sheet shown above and the calculations for both years are: Shareholders equity (2009) =  £6,900,000  £3,350,000 =  £3,550,000 Shareholders equity (2008) =  £6,500,000  £3,300,000 =  £3,200,000 1.3 Net working capital This is also known as working capital ratio and net working capital, and represents a simple difference between current assets and current liabilities, and Needles et al. (2008) present the following formula for this calculation: Net working capital = Current assets Current liabilities Net working capital (2008) =  £1,500,000  £1,300,000 =  £200,000 Net working capital (2009) =  £1,100,000  £950,000 =  £150,000 In comparing these two years, the net working capital has reduced, as current assets were greater than the decrease of current liabilities. 1.4 Profit and loss statement SHU plc statement of profit and loss for 2008 and 2009 (Values are in thousands of pounds) 2008 2009 Net sales 4,000 4,100 COGS 1,600 1,700 Selling, G A expenses 500 550 Depreciation expenses 500 520 EBIT (4,000 1,600 500 500) = 1,400 (4,100 1,700 550 520) = 1,330 Net interest expense 150 150 Taxable Income (1,400 150) = 1,250 (1,330 150) = 1,180 Income Taxes 400 420 Net Income (1,250 400) = 850 (1,180 420) = 760 Allocation of net income dividends 410 410 Addition to retained earnings (850 410) = 440 (760 410) = 350 This profit and loss statement shows the net income of SHU plc, and the earnings before interest and tax (EBIT) is calculated by taking the operating revenue value and deducting the operating expenses value, and then adding non-operating income. Therefore, the net sales of SHU plc demonstrate its operating revenue, and operating expenses are deducted from this, such as expenses of depreciation, general and administrative (GA) expenses, selling expenses and the cost of goods sold (COGS). These calculations result in the EBIT value, but interest expenses will also need to be deducted, as well as deducting tax to achieve the net income value. When the net income has been determined, the value of the dividends to be paid to shareholders is defined, as well as how much will be retained by the company. These retained earnings are also known as reinvested earnings of the company. These retained or reinvested earnings are regarded as the investors share of the earnings of the company, but retained by the company for commercial reasons rather than distributing these to these investors. In contrast, losses incurred by the company are described as accumulated losses or retained losses, and these would also be included in the balance sheet within the shareholders equity section. SHU plc had reinvested earnings of à ‚ £350,000 for 2009, and these reinvested earnings, as well as common stock, contribute to calculating the total shareholders equity. However, if there is a decrease in reinvested earnings, and over a two-year period the total shareholders equity remains the same, shareholders equity will increase. 1.5 Earnings per share The formula to calculate earnings per share is described by Tracy (2004) as the following: Earnings per share = net income à · number of outstanding shares To calculate the earnings per share formula for each year, the financial data of net income for 2008 of  £850,000 and net income for 2009 of  £760,000 is used, as well using the data of the total number of shares, which are 500,000. Earnings per share (2008) =  £850,000 à · 500,000 =  £1.70 Earnings per share (2009) =  £760,000 à · 500,000 =  £1.52 1.6 Price per share of SHUs stock Total shareholders equity =  £2,900,000 + (  £350,000 +  £3,200,000 ) +  £200,000   =  £6650000 Price per share = Total shareholders equity à · numbers of shares =  £6,650,000 à · 500,000 =  £13.30 Part 2 SHU plc is interested in constructing a large shopping centre near the train station in Sheffield and has asked for an investment appraisal to help the board decide whether or not to accept this project. Therefore, the investment appraisal will use the following information and guidance given by SHU plc: The proposed construction will begin in 2012 and be completed in 4 years. There will be four phases for this construction. The life of the project is 15 years. Each level will have 12,000 sq.ft. area, and all four levels total an area of 48,000 sq.ft. Rental income will be based on  £15 per sq.ft. starting in year 5. Estimated construction costs will be based on  £13 per sq.ft. at 2012 values. Statutory costs are estimated to be  £48,000. Professional fees are based on 3% of the construction costs. Land acquisition will cost  £2,000,000 Rental income will be based on an increasing rate of occupancy of 25% each year for the first four years from year 5. Maintenance costs will start in year 5 costing SHU  £950,000 each year. 3% inflation rate is predicted for calculating costs and revenues. The payback period must within 9 years, which is a requirement of SHU plc. However, Investment needs to be fully understood before a solution to this part of the assignment can be attempted, but can be simply described as the method of buying large capital items for companies. Investment appraisal: Companies need an investment appraisal to judge whether invested funds will give value for money, but can also determine the potential value of the company based on other investments. Investment appraisal can be applied is several different ways, such as payback period, accounting rate of return (ARR), internal rate of return (IRR), profitability index, net present value (NPV) and cash flow. Payback period: This is well established method to calculate how long it will take to repay the amount initially invested (Ross et al., 2007), which is the case of SHU plc is a maximum of 9 years. Many companies use this method for screening projects that are unsuitable. However, Kinserdal (1998) argues that payback period method has disadvantages, such as not considering profits arising after the payback period, and it does not consider time value of money. Kinserdal (1998) also suggest other aspects that analysts should consider when using payback period method, such as: Investment capital is tied up during the payback period, Liquidity is enhanced for short-term payback, Longer periods for payback expose potential risks, Short-term payback periods have greater reliability, Simple and easy calculation are possible for this method, and Most companies understand this method and is widely adopted. Accounting rate of return (ARR): ARR calculates the value of a project over its useful life, by calculating average profit over time, and indicates the potential value of the investment and is simple to understand (Ross et al., 2007). Internal Rate of Return (IRR): IRR calculates the rate of return that the project is forecasted to achieve, so if the IRR is higher than the targeted rate of return, the project should be adopted. Therefore, when several projects are being considered, the project with the highest IRR would normally be selected (Ross et al., 2007), but some weaknesses are exposed by this method, such as: The relative size of investments is not considered, This is difficult to use for projects without established cash flows or for selecting exclusive projects, and Changes to discount rates over the projects life cannot be included within IRR calculations. Profitability index: According to Warren (1998), this is a profit investment ratio, as the method defines the mutual relationship between investment costs and its benefits for a proposed project. The formula for calculating the profitability index is: PI = Present value of the cash flows in the future / the initial investment. The results indicate whether an investment is recommended or not recommended. Net Present Value (NPV): NPV is calculated by finding the difference between the present value of outflows of cash and the present value of cash flows, and the results indicate whether a project should be accepted or declined (Ross et al., 2007). In addition, the NPV method shows sensitivity to future cash inflows for the purposes of investment appraisal and the following formula is used for this calculation: 2.1 Perform an Investment appraisal for the proposed project Initial investment made for the project.  £13.00 per sq.ft. construction cost is increased by a 3% inflation rate each year. Initial investments made in the project: Construction costs: 1styear  £ 13.00 12,000 sq. ft 156000.00 2ndyear  £ 13.00 + 3% of  £ 13 =  £ 13.39 12,000 sq. ft 160680.00 3rdyear  £ 13.39 + 3% of 13.39 =  £ 13.7917 12,000 sq. ft 165500.40 4thyear  £ 13.79 + 3% of  £ 13.7917 12,000 sq. ft 170465.40 Professional fees on the construction cost 3% of 652646.00 Land acquisition cost: Statutory costs: Total investment in the project: The payback period method is used in the table shown below by analysing expected cash flows of the projects life. Revenue of the project: Rentals expected: Years Rent / sq ft (a) Total area in sq ft (b) Cost (a)*(b)=c Revenue after maintenance 5thyear  £ 15.00 25% *48,000=12000  £ 180000  £ 130000 6thyear  £ 15.00 + 3% of  £ 15 =  £ 15.45 50% *48,000=24000  £ 370800  £319300 7thyear  £ 15.45 + 3% of  £ 15.45 =  £ 15.9135 75% *48,000=36000  £ 572886  £519841 8thyear  £ 16.39 100% *48,000=48000  £ 786720  £732084 9thyear  £ 16.88 48,000  £ 810321.60  £754046.15 10thyear  £ 17.39 48,000  £ 834720  £776756.29 11thyear  £ 17.91 48,000  £ 859680  £799977.38 12thyear  £ 18.45 48,000  £ 885600  £824106.31 13thyear  £ 19.00 48,000  £ 912000  £848661.50 14thyear  £ 19.57 48,000  £ 939360  £874121.35 15thyear  £ 20.16 48,000  £ 967680  £900484.20 From these calculations it is seen that SHU plcs investment in the project of  £2,720,225 is achieved between years 9 and 10, but SHU Plc expects that pay back is 9 years or less. Therefore, by the justification of the calcul ations above, the project cannot be recommended to SHU plc. These calculations show that after 9 years 4.09 months the invested amount would be paid back, but as this period exceed the 9-year limit set by SHU plc, the project would not be accepted.  £2,455,271.15 received in year 9  £3,232,027.44 received in year 10 Amount invested was  £2,720,225 So,  £2,720,225  £2,455,271.15 =  £264,953,085  £3,232,027.44  £2,720,225 =  £511,802.44 The cash flow in one year is  £776,756.29 calculated by the difference in the calculations above. When this is divided by 12, we get the monthly cash flow.  £776,756.29 / 12 =  £64,729.69 / month. So the total payback period is 9 years and 4.09 months, and so the payback period has been exceeded and SHU plc will reject this project and this investment appraisal recommends rejection based on the requirement of SHU plc to achieve payback within 9 years. The professional fee based on percentage costs of th e construction would be  £652,646, the statutory costs are likely to be  £48,000 as well as land acquisition costs, which demonstrate the initial investments. Each year construction costs will be affected by 3% inflation that needs to be added to the  £13.00 sq.ft. costs. In addition, inflation would also influence maintenance costs that begin in year 5, which would be deducted from the total rent revenue. The estimated occupancy rate is 25% for year 5 and increasing by another 25% each year over the following three years, and in year 6 rents would be subject to a 3% inflation-related increase. This investment appraisal has used payback period method, as its focus on cash flow is easily understood, but it should be noted that this method does not account for time value and there is no consideration of risk; therefore, decisions cannot be taken regarding maximising value. There are also other factors that justify why this project should be rejected, such as investing t his capital in 4% bonds that would give a better rate of return on the investment than the construction project. So, if 4% is taken as the interest (r) and the time t is taken as 9, by calculating the amount at year 9 by using the compound interest formula, the amount received is  £3,871,728. This is much higher than the revenue in the payback at year 9 ( £2,455,271.45). This calculation is shown below. Compounding interest formula: P = C (1 + r) t =2720225*(1+0.04)^9 =3871728 These calculations have shown there are different options for investing capital, and construction project may not always offer the best solution. Also, land costs might appreciate or depreciate in value over time due to volatile market conditions, and the proximity of the train station might expose the shopping centre to future problems if the rail network changes or buildings need to be extended, which may lead to the need to demolish the shopping centre. Also, shoppers and businesses may be d eterred from using this proposed shopping centre due to noise and vibration from train freight, as well as parking problems. In conclusion, the project is not recommended. SHU plc may wish to balance this recommendation against some other influencing factors, such as the payback period only needs to be extend by another 4 months, and the projected income after this period up to the 15-year life of the project is considerable. Also, as the land is adjacent to the railway station it should have a high demand and could be sold at a significant profit in the future. Furthermore, if there is a high level of interest in renting the shopping centre units, the rents could be raised more, but the risks will also expose potential risks. So, as consultant I would like to recommend that SHU Plc. does not accept this project, and to invest the amount in funds or private initiative projects that would provide higher revenue. Part B This business opportunity would mean that the constru ction of a four-storey shopping centre would become a fixed asset of SHU plc if it decides to accept this project. However this is a large capital investment for the company as costs of construction are estimated to be  £2,720,225, but it only accepts projects that repay the initial investment within 9 years. As a result, the recommendation of this report is that the company rejects this project, but if it reconsiders its payback deadline or intends to accept a similar project, it requires advice on the optimum funding source for this capital investment. This decision is difficult as there are many options for seeking funding from many financial institutions and specialist groups, but these charge differing levels of charges, costs and may have time limitations for repayment, so this report will analyse this range of options and make a recommendation to SHU plc for the best choice of funding source. These funding options include: (HSBC.com.hk accessed 16 December 2010) What is needed financially? This project requires the construction of a shopping centre, but capital needs may change over time, so overdrafts are not appropriate, as long-term capital finance would be better. What will the project achieve? A business plan should describe the projects objectives, profit and cash flow forecasts, as well as potential risks. How much and how long? The investment appraisal should show the total construction costs and the optimum time length for the debt to be repaid. Which options? Each project will require a unique solution. What are the risks? High charges and interest rates will influence profits and cash flow, and the repayment methods may be inappropriate. The finance costs are likely to be based on risk assessments, so will vary between different projects. Often companies use equity finance to fund development opportunities, as cash flow and profit margins are not affected. Therefore, investment funds can be sourced from overdrafts, ba nk term loans, asset based finance, receivable finance, invoice discounting, angel funding and venture capital. Finance methods would include external finance that may be short-term or long-term, but companies can also source funds from internal finance methods for similar periods. Other methods include assistance from government and finance specifically for small and medium companies. External finance financial institutions offer short- and long-term loans for business opportunities, but external finance would also include angel investors and venture capitalists that buy company stocks. Personal savings company owners can invest in their own company, but remains external finance as the company has to repay this investment. The amount will determine the time for repayment, but this is not suitable for SHU plc. Commercial banks these offer overdrafts for short-term needs or bank loans for longer-term needs, but will be subject to high commercial interest rates dependen t on the perceived risk of the project, and is not suitable for SHU plc. Building societies although similar to banks and offer mortgages to purchase real estate, this is not suitable for SHU plc. Factoring services this trade credit is used as short-term finance to buy supplies to convert into products that can be sold, when the loan is repaid, and this is not suitable for SHU plc. Share issue by selling shares a company can raise capital, and when it makes a profit, this is repaid to its investors, but as a long-term option, this is not suitable for SHU plc. Debentures this is for very long periods and for large amounts of funds, so this is not suitable for SHU plc. Venture capital investors are guaranteed returns on their investments if they can offer the capital investment, and is similar to the issue of shares, and is not suitable for SHU plc. Leasing and hire purchase occupiers use a property and pay rent, but never own the property and this is not suit able for SHU plc. Hire purchase the occupier makes instalment payments, but does not own the property until the final payment is made and is expensive, so this is not suitable for SHU plc (Teachnet-uk.org accessed 14 December 2010). Internal financing this offers a company the flexibility of financing its own projects and may be short- or long-term finance. There are savings in costs as interest charges, fees and transaction charges are not applicable, as these funds come from depreciation or retained earnings. If depreciation is adopted as a method of internal financing then other advantages are exposed as when cash flow increases, the company can devalue assets values over time. Then, when the assets are depreciated, the tax liability of the company also reduces. Long-term financing retained profits can be used as surplus funds for funding projects, so long as profits are assured. Short-term financing stock levels can be reduced, creditors can be paid late and cred it controls need to be strict. Reducing stocks stock can be sold to create investment capital for other projects, but is a short-term solution and is depended on the interest levels of buyers. Delaying payments due debt is increased and the companys reputation is damaged. Reducing stock levels if payments to workers are delayed, workforce relationships are damaged despite raising funds, but this is a bad option (Teachnet-uk.org accessed 14 December 2010). Funding sources evaluation Selecting the best source for funding construction projects is difficult, as costs and charges vary according to the risk exposure of the loan, and although SHU plc may wish to consider all these options for sourcing funding, consideration needs to be given to charges and costs over the long term for these loans. SHU plc is recommended not to accept this project, as repayment of the investment cannot be made within 9 years, which is a requirement of the company. Nevertheless, if the company accepts another similar project or reviews this current proposal, then I recommend to the company that the best funding option would be internal financing and to use the depreciation method. If this action were taken asset values would be depreciated and tax payments would reduce, and the company would avoid potential risks and charges from external financial institutions. Conclusion This assignment has examined the importance of finance for successful business operations that has examined construction projects, and rates of return on investments when investment opportunities arise, as well as methods and terminology used to justify whether or not to accept potential projects. The first task required me to construct a balance sheet for 2008 and 2009 for SHU plc and to explain the importance of each of the elements of this financial information sheet. This financial information included the calculation of shareholders equity that was  £2,600,000 in 2009 and  £1,900,000 in 2008. In 2008 net working capital for SHU plc was  £200,000 and in 2009 it was  £150,000. This shows a reduction due to a decrease in current assets that was more reduced that the decrease of current liabilities. I then constructed a profit and loss statement for 2008 and 2009, and in 2009 the reinvested earnings as  £350,000. Also, this financial statement showed that shareholders equity increased between 2008 and 2009 from  £1,900,000 to  £2,600,000, which was due to paid-in capital and common stock that increased from  £1,460,000 to  £2,250,000. In contrast, during this period retained earnings reduced from  £440,000 to  £350,000. The calculation presented in this investment appraisal also demonstrated that in 2008 the earnings per share was  £1.70 and for 2009 it was  £1.52, and the price per share was shown to be  £4.90 per share. The investment appraisal examined the proposed new shopping centre in Sheffield near the railway station, and SHU plc invited me to examine the relevant information and its companys requirements and to make recommendations to the company within the investment appraisal whether it should accept or reject this development opportunity, as well as to give advice about sources for finance for this project. This investment appraisal analysed differing methods and presented their advantages and disadvantages. Payb ack period method is widely used and is simple to calculate, but has weaknesses as no values are allowed for cash flows, there are no risk adjustments, maximising wealth is not included and time value of money is not considered. This report examined other methods, such as net present value, cash flows, internal rate of return, profitability index and accounting rate of return. This assignment evaluated this proposed construction project with payback method and calculated the cash flow estimates for 15 years. The conclusion of this investment appraisal is that I recommend SHU plc to reject this shopping centre project. The justification for this recommendation is that the investment cannot be repaid within 9 years, which is required by the company, as this is only achieved after a further 4 months. Therefore, a higher rate of return for this investment could be achieved from investing in a 4% bond over the same time period. However, the board may wish to reconsider this option as the cut off point is extended by only 4 months, and the investment appraisal calculations have shown considerable revenue is likely in the following years until the life of the project ends. Nevertheless, there is greater exposure to risk over a longer period that must also be noted. If SHU plc reconsiders this shopping centre construction project or another similar project, the optimum source of funding should be found, as many options for taking loans exist commercially. This report has also discussed and analysed the options for funding capital project by giving their advantages and disadvantages. However, the best sources may be different for different projects, so these need to be examined carefully. Therefore, if SHU plc decides to accept this project or another similar project the recommended financing method is internal financing and adopting the depreciation method, as finance costs and tax liabilities are both reduced.